I have read and heard over and over that the High Bar Back Squat (HBBS) puts more "torque on the spine" than Low Bar Back Squats (LBBS) and believe that this is only true if one has poor technique in the HBBS.
Low Bar Back Squats (LBBS):
This movement emphasizes the hip more than the knee as one lowers the bar loaded behind the neck and on the back.The bar is placed lower on the traps then the HBBS forcing the head and chest forward to keep the bar over the Base of Support which is created by both feet. At no time in this lift can one "rest" with the weight because one can't lock out their joints in a fully erect position. To maintain equilibrium one's Glutes and lower back are constantly fighting the perpetual forward lean that is created be the bar position. So by this author's definition the low back and hip extenders are more challenges here than in the HBBS
High Bar Back Squat (HBBS):
This is a movement where the bar is placed high on the Traps and is done with minimal forward lean to keep the bar between the ball of the foot and heel at all times as one lowers the weight. The idea is to facilitate lowering of the hips through bending the knees but the bar is kept "as far away from the floor as possible." So by this author's definition the low back and knee extenders are more challenged here than in the LBBS
If we can agree that the HBBS is a knee movement where more range of motion is accomplished at the knee than hip. And if we, further, agree that equilibrium is only possible in the HBBS if one does not bend forward very much at all in their squat then spiine is stacked neatly and neutrally under the bar and there is less "torque" than in the LBBS.
If a novice or ill informed athlete bends over the way LBBS bar position necessitates with the bar higher on the Traps torque would increase because you have created and lengthened a lever arm out of the spine. This would essentially be a Bent Knee Good Morning (BKGM) and has little to do with squatting. And although I have seen many athletes handle loads in a BKGM that exseed what the average person could dream of squatting, usually there is an even further reduction in the amount of load one can handle from HNNS to BKGM.
I would estimate that an advanced lifter could HBBS about 80- 85% of what they might maximally LBBS and might BKGM 35-55% what they could HBBS.
I think the skill and balance involved with the HBBS make it a superior lift for training athletes in general and specifically who want to be competent in the Olympic lifts. But there is a place for both the other lifts compared here in certain situations including just a desire for variety. But having practiced both I have trouble understanding the "higher torque" idea as it relates to HBBS.
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